\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7 \u17ac\u179f\u17c6\u1799\u17c4\u1782 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1798\u17b6\u178e\u178f\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17bd\u1785\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u179c\u1793\u17d2\u178f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17c1\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785 \u17ac\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1786\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c8\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1782\u17ba\u17d6 \u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17b7\u1785 \u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17b9\u1780 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u1791\u17b9\u1780 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u179a\u17bd\u1789 \u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u179a\u17c9\u17c2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17bd\u179f\u1787\u17bb\u179b\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17d4<\/p>\n
\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1796\u17d0\u178f\u17cc\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u1798\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u178a\u17be\u1798 \u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1799\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1782\u17b8\u1798\u17b8\u179b\u17be\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u00a0TCVN 8826:2011\u00a0<\/strong>PH\u1ee4 GIA H\u00d3A H\u1eccC CHO B\u00ca T\u00d4NG\u00a0Chemical admixtures for concrete<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n \u1799\u17c4\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a \u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u17c8<\/p>\n \u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1796\u1796\u17bb\u17c7\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u178f\u17bc\u1785\u17d7\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1792\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u1780 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784 \u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17c2\u1793\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1785\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u17a0\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17d4 \u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u1799\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u17a0\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1798\u17b6\u178e\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1798\u17c9\u1784\u178f\u17cd\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1795\u17c1\u17c7\u17a0\u17be\u179a\u17d4<\/p>\n L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea9m ti\u1ebft ra trong d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng hay h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng hay \u0111i qua b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh pozzolanic ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hydroxide calci \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thu\u1ef7 h\u00f3a xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh xi m\u0103ng ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh, cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n s\u1edbm. Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1m ch\u1ed7 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebft th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c s\u1eefa ch\u1eefa k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u s\u1edbm h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t khi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1eefa v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly qu\u00e1 xa.<\/p>\n L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tr\u01a1n h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u01a1m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng cho c\u1ef1 ly xa tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf trong h\u1ed3 xi m\u0103ng, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ed3 xi m\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chui v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tr\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e0nh cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u01a1m.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eefa b\u01a1m cho bu l\u00f4ng neo, ch\u00e8n ch\u00e2n c\u1ed9t, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.\u00a0Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00fac thu\u1ef7 h\u00f3a xi m\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1edf.<\/p>\n B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1988 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t MBT (chi nh\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i \u00dac) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng 736 (Rechocure 736). V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y (li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 5 l\u00edt\/m3 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng) th\u00ec b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng b\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 co ng\u00f3t d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i so v\u1edbi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (m\u00e0ng b\u1ecdc), c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00ednh k\u1ebft hydrogen gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m OH tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Polyme.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ph\u1ee5 gia gi\u1ea3m co ng\u00f3t.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t xi m\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ninh k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi gian 30 ph\u00fat cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 180 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n + Melamine formaldehyde<\/p>\n + Naphthalene formaldehyde ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n \u2013 T\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 xi m\u0103ng (N\/X) c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n \u2013 T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25%, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 30% n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 40% n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n Trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t 200mm. Lo\u1ea1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau<\/p>\n \u2013 C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n \u2013 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n \u2013 Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c b\u01a1m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Khi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n \u2013 Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho lo\u1ea1i xi m\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n \u2013 M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7m ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n \u2013 Ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0m v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n cho ch\u1eb7t kh\u00edt t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00f2 ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i do \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao.<\/p>\n \u2013 Khi b\u01a1m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00ec n\u1ebfu m\u00e1y b\u01a1m b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa m\u00e1y b\u01a1m.<\/p>\n \u2013 Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 gi\u1edd th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam ph\u1ee5 gia \u1edf tr\u1ea1m tr\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo. B\u1edfi v\u00ec khi gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 khung x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1eafc cao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed7ng (\u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p) th\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng cacbon\u00e1t h\u00f3a cao, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao, chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh duy tu th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u, g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 cellulose, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u0111a 10%.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 2 g\u1ed1c ure v\u00e0 formaldehyde n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25%. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y cho c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1edbm, th\u1eddi gian thi c\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 N\/X th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 2, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t than \u0111\u00e1, gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi 25%. Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng cao c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 2, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u th\u00f4. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi 30%. Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xi m\u0103ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba, g\u1ed1c cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi 40%. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 N\/X th\u1ea5p, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xi m\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi xi m\u0103ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhanh theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t Polyme Polycarboxylate c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xi m\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00ednh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhanh l\u00e0m cho h\u1ed3 xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1eadm s\u1ebd l\u00e0m duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y) l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia Polymer th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc cao v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u2013 Chemical Admixtures l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ebb tr\u1ed9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5 % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xi m\u0103ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn. Qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho 7 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng\u00a0g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n M\u1ef9 ASTM C.494-86 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh 7 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 4 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia kho\u00e1ng cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u1791\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784 \u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7 \u17ac\u179f\u17c6\u1799\u17c4\u1782 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1798\u17b6\u178e\u178f\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17bd\u1785\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1798\u17c1\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785 \u17ac\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u17d4\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u179b [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8039"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8039"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8046,"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8039\/revisions\/8046"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8039"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcecatlam.vn\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=8039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}1. \u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1794\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1784\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n
1.1 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17bc\u179b<\/strong><\/h4>\n
1.2 \u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1799\u1780\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u17d4<\/strong><\/h4>\n
1.3 Ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng nhanh<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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1.4 Ph\u1ee5 gia l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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1.5 Ph\u1ee5 gia tr\u1ee3 b\u01a1m<\/strong><\/h4>\n
1.6 Ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng n\u1edf<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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1.7 Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (Rehocure)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
1.8 Ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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1.9 Ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo gi\u1ea3m n\u01b0\u1edbc cao<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng si\u00eau d\u1ebbo theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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2.1 Ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo g\u1ed1c Lignosulphonate (LS)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
2.2 Ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo Polyme g\u1ed1c sulphonate Melamine (MFS)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
2.3 Ph\u1ee5 gia g\u1ed1c Naphthalenesulphonate (BNS)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
2.4 Ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo g\u1ed1c Polycarboxylate (PC)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
2.5 Ph\u1ee5 gia si\u00eau d\u1ebbo g\u1ed1c Polycarboxylate (PC)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/h3>\n
3.1. Ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng theo\u00a0ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Vi\u1ec7t Nam TCVN 325:2004<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n
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3.2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00ea t\u00f4ng theo ASTM C.494-86<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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